Immunization has been proven effective in protecting the public from the threat of dangerous infectious diseases. However, concerns regarding Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) often trigger hesitation among the public. Mild symptoms such as a fever or localized pain are frequently misinterpreted as negative effects of the vaccine, even though they actually indicate that the body's immune system is actively working.
Medically, AEFI is classified into two main categories: direct reactions to the vaccine product and coincidental events. Vaccine reactions, such as soreness or redness at the injection site, are normal signs that the body is training to recognize the target pathogen. This condition can be compared to the temporary muscle soreness experienced after intense physical exercise.
On the other hand, coincidental events refer to medical conditions that appear after immunization but are triggered by unrelated external factors. For instance, a person who was already exposed to a flu virus prior to vaccination will still exhibit illness symptoms afterward. Additionally, psychological responses resulting from excessive anxiety or a fear of needles often cause dizziness and fatigue, which also fall under coincidental events.
Vaccine safety monitoring is conducted strictly and continuously by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) and the National Committee for AEFI Assessment and Prevention (Komnas PP-KIPI). Distribution licenses are granted only if the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks of side effects, so the public need not doubt the safety of the ingredients contained within them.
Most AEFI symptoms are mild and resolve on their own within one to three days. Beyond self-protection, active participation in immunization programs is crucial for achieving herd immunity to protect vulnerable groups such as newborns, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses. If symptoms occur after receiving a vaccine, the public is advised to remain calm and consult the nearest healthcare facility immediately.
