Vietnam's efforts to enter the nuclear energy sector have entered a new chapter with a more strategic approach. Rather than pushing for full localization of production from the outset, the country has chosen to build a comprehensive ecosystem involving international collaboration, technology transfer, and gradual institutional capacity building. Experts emphasize that success in this industry is not measured by the ability to produce all components domestically, but rather through proficiency in operating systems, ensuring safety, and managing quality.
Technology selection is a crucial aspect of the national nuclear energy development roadmap. Although Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) have attracted global attention, a thorough evaluation of operational maturity, economic aspects, and waste management remains a priority. Generation III+ reactor technology is currently still considered more reliable due to its extensive operational track record, making it a primary consideration in balancing efficiency and safety.
Behind technological advancements, an independent and strict regulatory system acts as the front line. The establishment of a regulatory body following international standards, as recommended by the IAEA, is essential to oversee every stage, from site surveys to environmental impact assessments. The role of this agency is vital to ensuring that public safety is always prioritized over accelerating power plant construction projects.
Beyond technical aspects, the development of the nuclear industry is also seen as an opportunity for the domestic business sector to enhance its high-tech engineering capabilities. Integration into global supply chains, such as specialized construction services, automation, and material maintenance, must be based on strict compliance with international standards. Thus, the nuclear industry will become a locomotive for driving national science and technology capacity for future generations.
Ultimately, nuclear power is a strategic project with a very long life cycle. Current preparations form a crucial foundation that includes policy reinforcement, human resource training, and active multi-sector engagement. Through a synchronized ecosystem, Vietnam aims not only for power plant operations, but also to solidify the country's position in high-tech industries to guarantee long-term national energy sovereignty.
