Wetland ecosystems in Vietnam, stretching from coastal regions to inland lowlands, are currently facing severe challenges due to climate change, urbanization, and massive resource exploitation. The decline in the quality and extent of these ecosystems demands more effective and precise preventive measures through the utilization of remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
The use of satellite imagery such as Landsat and Sentinel allows relevant authorities to conduct multi-temporal monitoring of wetlands. With this method, land cover changes can be analyzed more objectively and cost-effectively compared to conventional survey methods. Technical processes involving geometric and atmospheric corrections, as well as the use of spectral indices such as NDVI and NDWI, are key to accurately identifying water and vegetation dynamics despite challenging tropical climate conditions.
Data analysis over the 2010 to 2020 period shows a significant declining trend in wetland areas across Vietnam. This phenomenon underlines the urgency of monitoring in crucial zones such as the Mekong Delta and national park areas. The generated data serves not only as historical records but also as a crucial digital database for the government in formulating spatial planning and biodiversity protection policies.
The main advantage of this system is its capability to map environmental changes periodically and on a large scale. The integration of automated algorithms and expert interpretation ensures that the generated data has high validity. The online information system that has now been built is expected to synchronize data between agencies while strengthening the foundation of digital transformation in the environmental sector.
Ultimately, the adoption of this remote sensing technology is a strategic step for Vietnam in addressing the challenges of climate change. With its scalability, this technology is not limited only to wetland management but also serves as a vital instrument in water resource management and sustainable environmental protection for the country's future.
