KUDUS — Ecosystem restoration efforts in the Mount Muria area, Central Java, are showing positive progress. The population of the Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi), an endangered endemic species often dubbed the Garuda Bird, has increased to 20 individuals, up from the previous monitoring data of just 14.
Although the population trend is rising, the existence of this raptor is not yet entirely safe from the threat of extinction. To anticipate various risks, the Muria Nature Conservation Enthusiasts group (Peka) is intensively monitoring daily movements, roaming activities, and tracking new nest locations across the mountain's skyline.
Chairman of Peka Muria, Teguh Budi Wiyono, explained that the behavior of the Javan Hawk-Eagle in the Mount Muria region is unique compared to similar groups in other parts of Java Island. Raptors in Muria have been observed flying close to residential areas several times, despite their primary nests being deep within the dense forest.
Mount Muria has proven to be a very rich habitat. Besides the Javan Hawk-Eagle, this mountain range is home to eight other raptor species, such as the Black Eagle, Crested Serpent Eagle, Changeable Hawk-Eagle, and the Spotted Kestrel. Based on collaborative research between Peka Muria, Djarum Foundation, and Burung Indonesia initiated in 2024, 118 bird species inhabit this conservation area. In 2026, observation efforts will focus on mapping eagle nests during the breeding season from May to October.
The presence of 20 Javan Hawk-Eagles on Mount Muria plays a crucial role in the survival of this species, given that their national population across Java and Bali is currently estimated between only 300 and 500 individuals. In addition to raptors, the Muria forest serves as a stronghold for other rare mammals, such as the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas), with a recorded population of 14 adults, two new cubs, and indications of black panthers currently undergoing field verification.
